Cardiac Medicine Certification (CMC) Practice Exam

What should be monitored in relation to hypotension while on diuretics?

1. Fluid intake

2. Electrolyte levels

3. Heart rate only

4. Body temperature

The correct answer is: Electrolyte levels

Monitoring electrolyte levels is crucial while a patient is on diuretics due to the potential for these medications to cause imbalances. Diuretics work by promoting the excretion of sodium and water from the kidneys, which can lead to decreased blood volume. This reduction in blood volume may result in hypotension, and imbalances in electrolytes such as potassium, sodium, magnesium, and calcium can exacerbate cardiovascular issues. Maintaining proper electrolyte levels helps prevent complications like arrhythmias, muscle weakness, and further drops in blood pressure, ensuring the safe and effective use of diuretics. Regular monitoring allows for timely interventions, such as supplementing potassium if levels drop, or adjusting the diuretic dose to manage both fluid status and electrolyte balance.